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21st Century Complete Guide to Volcanoes: Huge and Comprehensive Collection of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Documents with Extensive Coverage of Volcano Monitoring, Research Projects, Volcanoes Around the World, Maps, Tables, Scientific and Threat Data-¿
U.S. Government
Dvd-Rom. Progressive Management 2005-02-05.
ISBN 9781592484195
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Publisher description
This up-to-date and comprehensive electronic book on DVD-ROM presents an enormous library of documents and publications covering every aspect of volcanoes and related subjects, with coverage of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) material, along with volcano disaster and survivor material from FEMA. The United States is third in the world, after Japan and Indonesia, for the number of active volcanoes. Since 1980, as many as five volcanoes have erupted each year in the United States. Eruptions are most likely to occur in Hawaii and Alaska. For the Cascade Range in Washington, Oregon, and California, volcanoes erupt on the average of one to two each century. Volcanoes produce a wide variety of hazards that can kill people and destroy property. Large explosive eruptions can endanger people and property hundreds of miles away and even affect global climate. A volcano is a vent through which molten rock escapes to the earth's surface. Unlike other mountains, which are pushed up from below, volcanoes are built by surface accumulation of their eruptive products - layers of lava, ashflows, and ash. When pressure from gases within the molten rock becomes too great, an eruption occurs. Volcanic hazards include gases, lava and pyroclastic flows, landslides, earthquakes, and explosive eruptions. Eruptions can be relatively quiet, producing lava flows that creep across the land at 2 to 10 miles per hour. Explosive eruptions can shoot columns of gases and rock fragments tens of miles into the atmosphere, spreading ash hundreds of miles downwind.
Volcanoes usually give warning that they will erupt. USGS scientists have developed a forecasting system to alert public officials and the general public to the fact that a volcano may erupt. Most eruptions at Hawaiian volcanoes are not explosive and are characterized by the relatively quiet outflow of very fluid lava. These eruptions can still be deadly, because the lava may be erupted in huge volumes, and on steeper slopes, fluid lava can rapidly travel many miles from its source. The island of Hawaii (the largest of the Hawaiian islands) experiences thousands of earthquakes associated with active volcanoes each year. Most of these are too small to feel, but about once a decade, a large quake shakes the entire island and causes widespread damage. Before and during an eruption, many small earthquakes occur as molten rock forces its way through the upper parts of a volcano's interior. Such quakes often provide early warnings of changes in eruptive activity. In the past few thousand years, the volcanoes of the Cascade Range, which stretches from northern California into British Columbia, have produced more than 100 eruptions, most of them explosive. However, individual Cascades volcanoes can lie dormant for many centuries between eruptions, and the great risk posed by volcanic activity in the region is therefore not always apparent. When Cascades volcanoes do erupt, high-speed avalanches of hot ash and rock (pyroclastic flows), lava flows, and landslides can devastate areas 10 or more miles away, and huge mudflows of volcanic ash and debris (lahars) can inundate valleys more than 50 miles downstream.
This incredible DVD-ROM is packed with over 82, 000 pages, much of it reproduced using Adobe Acrobat PDF software - allowing direct viewing on Windows and Macintosh systems. The disc contains nearly 4 gigabytes of material in over 21, 000 files!
Contents include thousands of spectacular photographs, information on hazards and hazard reports, monitoring data, news, research projects, and very extensive individual coverage of volcanoes in the Cascade Range, Yellowstone, Alaska, and Hawaii.
Our news and educational CD-ROM and DVD-ROM discs are privately compiled collections of official public domain U.S. government files and documents - they are not produced by the federal government. They are designed to provide a convenient user-friendly reference work, utilizing the benefits of the Adobe Acrobat form
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21st Century Complete Guide to Volcanoes: Huge and Comprehensive Collection of U.S. Geological Survey
Book reviews » 21st Century Complete Guide to Volcanoes: Huge and Comprehensive Collection of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Documents with Extensive Coverage of Volcano Monitoring, Research Projects, Volcanoes Around the World, Maps, Tables, Scientific and Threat Data-¿
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